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New Runic Translation Suggests Communal Ownership of the Galloway Hoard

The inscription, previously undeciphered, has now been interpreted to mean “this is the community’s wealth/property.”

Galloway Hoard arm ring with runic inscription in view. Photo: © National Museums Scotland.

Galloway Hoard arm ring with runic inscription in view. Photo: © National Museums Scotland.

Unearthed in 2014 near Kirkcudbright, Scotland, the Galloway Hoard is among the richest collections of Viking-age objects ever found in Britain or Ireland. The hoard includes over 100 artefacts, such as silver bullion, Early English crosses, arm rings, and a silver gilt vessel traced to the Sasanian Empire in modern-day Iran. Since its discovery, researchers have been intrigued by the origins and ownership of this diverse collection.

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